7/31/2023 0 Comments Fix screen on screen door![]() Then trim off any excess screen material. Use the spline installation tool to press the spline firmly into the channel where it belongs. Lay the spline over the channel where it fits into the door. Then take your screen spline installation tool and your spline. Once you have cut the screen mesh all the way around the door make sure that it’s laying flat and that it overlaps the channel in the door where the spline goes. Excess length can always be trimmed but you can’t make the screen cut material fit if you cut it too short. That way you can be sure that you won’t cut the screen material too short. You should have a good inch to an inch and a half of overlap. Lay the new screen material over the door frame so that the edges of the new screen material overlap the door frame by a good inch or so. You may need to cut a new screen or you might need to recut a replacement screen. Cutting The New ScreenĪlways make sure that you have extra screen material available. The next thing you will have to do is cut the new screen material, and you will want to cut that very carefully. Once you have removed the spline and the existing screen set the spline aside and throw away the existing screen material. You should be able to just pull it right off. It should be easy to remove and there should be no sealers or adhesives holding it in place. And you will definitely need a screen spline installation tool if you don’t have one in your tool kit already.Īfter you have removed the spline, you can pull off the rest of the mesh screen material that’s attached to the door frame. If the spline is damaged, you will need to get new spline as well as new mesh. It should run all the way around the door and fit into a narrow channel around the door frame to hold the mesh taut. The spline is the rubber strip that secures the mesh to the door frame. You will need to remove the spline around the door frame. You still need to remove the screen material from the door frame in order to put on the new screen material. That might seem like an easy way to remove the existing mesh but that only gets rid of the mesh in the center of the frame. Remove The Old Screenĭon’t just rip the existing mesh out of the screen. It’s a smart idea to buy more than you think you will need just in case you measured wrong or end up needing a little extra screen mesh. If your screen doors get a lot of wear and tear, especially through the summer, you should look for a family friendly heavy duty screen mesh that won’t be so quick to tear or rip.Īnd if you have dogs or cats that go in and out of the screen door, then you should always look for heavier gauge screen mesh that’s designed to resist claws and paws. Replacing that mesh with the same mesh might just lead to more rips and tears in the screen door that will need to be replaced. If you have the option to use a different material than the one that you’re replacing then you might want to consider doing that since the material that is in the screen door now ripped. There are several different types of screen material that you can choose from when you’re choosing a replacement screen. Here are some tips for repairing a screen door at your home: Buy New Screen Mesh Luckily, if you are relatively handy around the house, then you can repair a screen door yourself. It’s really common for homeowners to find that their screen doors need to be replaced by the end of the summer. Bats, baseball gloves, and other sports equipment can all catch in the screen and damage the screen material. Pets can rip the screen with their claws trying to get your attention to let them in or out. Large bugs can hit the screen and become embedded in the mesh and rip it trying to get out. Family members running in and out all summer, especially kids, can cause rips and tears on the door when they grip the door by the screen instead of the door edge or handle. There are many ways that screen doors can become damaged over the summer. ![]() ![]() Home > Blog > How to Replace a Screen on a Doorĭuring the spring and summer, it’s common for screens to get snags, runs and small holes in them. ![]()
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7/31/2023 0 Comments Amber encased vilekin ffxiv![]() Rowena’s Representative in Limsa Lominsa Lower Decks (X: 9.0, Y: 11.1).25 Allagan Tomestone of Poetics and 20 Allagan Tomestone of Poetics, each from:.Superior Enchanted Ink (5) and Thavnairian Mist (5) One of each comes from Garuda (Extreme), Leviathan (Extreme), and Ramuh (Extreme).Vortex Feather (1), Barb of the Whorl (1), and Large Levin Orb (1) One of each comes from Ifrit (Extreme), Titan (Extreme), and Shiva (Extreme), respectively.Inferno Horn (1), Crag Heart (1), and Diamond Tear (1) Treasure Hunt from Timeworn Leather Map, Timeworn Goatskin Map, Timeworn Toadskin Map, Timeworn Boarskin Map, or Timeworn Peisteskin Map.Flame Quartermaster in Ul’dah – Steps of Nald (X: 8.3, Y: 9.0).Serpent Quartermaster in New Gridania (X: 9.8, Y: 11.0).Storm Quartermaster in Limsa Lominsa Upper Decks (X: 13.1, Y: 12.7).A reward from the repeatable quest “Deliverance” from Ehcatl Nine Manciple in North Shroud (X: 25.0, Y: 23.1).Won from Heavensward(Level 50 – 60) Battlecraft Levequests.īattlecraft Demimateria I (3), Battlecraft Demimateria II (2), Fieldcraft Demimateria I (3), and Fieldcraft Demimateria II (3).Crafted by Blacksmith, Armorer, Goldsmith, and Leatherworker.Garlond Steel (1), Celestine (1), and High Allagan Chimera Leather (1) This will cost you 25 White Crafters’ Scrip at any Scrip Exchange in the major cities, or Anna (X: 14.2, Y: 12.6) and Diana (X: 9.8, Y: 8.4) in The Firmament.These currencies are all outlined in Ulan’s Note, an item that will be placed in your Key Items inventory. Ulan will trade you two Crystal Sand for various different currencies. That’s a grand total of 4,500 Allagan Tomestones of Poetics if your luck is bad. You can buy Umbrite from Hismena in Idyllshire (X: 5.7, Y: 5.2) for 75 Allagan Tomestones of Poetics a pop. So what’s needed to get Crystal Sand and Umbrite? Umbrite is the easy part. Maybe you’ll get lucky, but always prepare for the worst. This means you’ll need, at maximum, 60 pairs of Crystal Sand and Umbrite to create the needed Treated Crystal Sand. If you have one of each item, talk to Ulan and he’ll synthesize between three and six Treated Crystal Sand. The problem is Treated Crystal Sand only comes from Ulan when you have two other items: Crystal Sand and Umbrite. You can check the progress of the weapon by using the Anima Glass item in your Key Items inventory. ![]() The attributes have a cap of 126, dependent on the weapon/Job at 180 growth points, the weapon is complete. For every Treated Crystal Sand you have, you’ll add a single growth point to the Anima of the weapon, which also enhances the weapon’s attributes. Ulan will state that you need a whole new weapon for this upgrade process, and to make that weapon, he needs Treated Crystal Sand. Ardashir will give you the quest “A Dream Fulfilled.” This will have you meeting Ulan in Idyllshire (X: 6.4, Y: 4.7). No worries, however, because you’ll benefit from the quest just as well. ![]() Our dude Ardashir in Azys Lla (X: 7.4, Y: 11.5) needs our help once again. How to Unlock Your Reconditioned Anima Relic Weapon If you’re looking for another phase, you can head back to the primary guide for the Anima Relic Weapon questline. These weapons are no longer best-in-slot, so you’re doing these quests for Glamour purposes and the sheer joy of completion. This guide will help you unlock your Reconditioned Anima Relic Weapon, the fifth iteration of the Relic Weapons introduced in the Heavensward expansion of Final Fantasy XIV. Welcome to the second half of the Anima Relic Weapon upgrade process! You’ve coasted over one milestone, the Hyperconductive Anima Weapons. ![]() 7/31/2023 0 Comments Edd california![]() ![]() Do not respond to any PMs or chats from anyone asking for your EDD info! Anyone asking for personal information is trying to scam you out of your money! True EDD reps will never personally contact people via Reddit (however, they occasionally will call in the case of disputes, for example). Remember, all critical information is in the /r/EDD sidebar. Thank you and we hope you get the answer(s) you are seeking. This can be done through the label icon or flair button in the row of options under your post (depending on what platform/app you're using to access Reddit). Please remember to change your post flair to Solved ✔ once your question has been answered. Looking for work, possibly even for the EDD? Consider these sources: Ecertio - Adult Career Certificate Program to boost your job prospects.RemoteLearning.school - Affordable quality supplemental online learning program for children ages 5-17.If you can't reach EDD, try this, or try to contact your state assemblyman to expedite claims or otherwise troubleshoot: (thanks to /u/1212Ladywitthafan) id.me California EDD Identity Proofing does not accept Google Voice numbers in its final verification step!.Then contact EDD, ask for a supervisor, and request checks instead of BoA deposits. If your balance is unexpectedly deducted, call (855) 355-5058 (Bank of America's prepaid claims servicing) and open a claim. Notice of Determination of Invalid Claim, Section 1277ĮDD doesn't have the ability to take funds out of Bank of America accounts.How to backdate the effective day of your PUA claim.Reminder that work search activities must be done every week to remain eligible as per the California Work Search Requirements You must repay fraud overpayments and penalties.". Additionally, you can be disqualified for 5 to 23 weeks. ![]() "With a fraud overpayment, you can receive a penalty equal to 30 percent of the overpayment amount.
![]() ![]() ![]() Users can also choose whether to save the image as a JPG, BMP, or PNG file, and the program lets users rotate images and optionally copy EXIF information from the original file. The program comes with nine preset resolutions in the drop-down menu, but users can add custom sizes as well. To resize an image, simply select the desired resolution from the drop-down menu, drag and drop the image onto the program's interface, and the program will automatically resize the image and save it in the original folder, a subfolder, or a different folder of the user's choosing. The program's interface is plain, just a small square with a couple of buttons and a dropdown menu. This basic program lets users resize images as quickly and easily as anything we've seen. After all, who wants to launch a big photo-editing program for tasks that can be completed with a lightweight utility? That's where Fast Image Resizer comes in. Although we often resize images in a photo-editing program as soon as we take them off the camera, it's not uncommon for us to need a resizing tool that can be used the rest of the time. It is also an alternative to bulk/bulk resizing functions.We resize images all the time-to e-mail to friends, post on blogs, share on Facebook, and much more. This tool can resize images so fast that you can quickly drop them one after another into it without any delay. You can drop images into it and the program will quickly resize them to the settings you have set. Drop and resize toolsįast Image Resizer is a utility program that runs on your desktop. This allows you to determine the image's rotation at the time it was taken by your camera. It is fast and easy to use, making it ideal for creating thumbnail images for your site. You can enable auto-cropping if you need image cropping.īecause it adheres to simple rules, the tool is lightweight and doesn't bog down the process. This means that there is no cropping or image warping to accommodate pre-defined image sizes. The app's primary goal is to preserve the original aspect ratio. You can adjust the resolution of the program by using a percentage slider. This means that there is a certain amount of compression and that some resolution is lost. This image resizing program's primary goal is to reduce images to a specific size. Is this photo resizer capable of compressing images? Instead, it has a drag-and-drop desktop function that allows for faster and more efficient image resizing. It does not have a batch conversion tool. It is simple to use and has a retro, almost vintage look that is similar to Free Image Resizer. This is so that they are not replaced when they generate. If you drop images with the same name into the program, the outputs will have numbers next to them. You can resize JPEGs, BMP, and PNG files. You can pre-set the location where the image will be stored, similar to Dropbox. You can open the Fast Image Resizer on your desktop and drag images onto it to have them resized according your settings. ![]() 7/31/2023 0 Comments Sexual moods![]() ![]() Nipple orgasm: A person may reach an orgasm due to stimulation of the nipples alone.Newer research from 2016 notes that mental imagery activates the brain regions connected to orgasm, reward, and bodily stimulation. Research from 1992 states that orgasms can occur as a result of self-induced imagery. Imagery-induced: Orgasms can occur as a response to imagery without physical stimulation.Masters and Johnson note that females have a shorter refractory (recovery) period, which allows them to experience multiple orgasms in a shorter period of time. Multiple orgasms: A person can experience a series of orgasms over a short time.G-spot orgasm: An orgasm can occur as a result of stimulation of the G-spot.Anal orgasm: Some females experience orgasms during anal sex.Blended orgasm: This occurs when clitoral and vaginal orgasms occur together.The American Psychological Association states that vaginal orgasms are related to the indirect stimulation of the clitoris during sex. Vaginal orgasm: This is when an orgasm occurs vaginal stimulation.A 2019 article notes that 60% of female orgasms occur due to clitoral stimulation. Clitoral orgasm: This is when an orgasm occurs due to stimulation of the clitoris.There are many different types of orgasms, some of which are detailed below: People may not ejaculate during an orgasm, but both usually occur simultaneously.ĭirectly after an orgasm, the head of the penis may feel more sensitive or uncomfortable to touch. The penis may release around 1–2 tablespoons of semen. For malesįor males, the muscles in the penis and anus may contract around once every second, between five to eight times. Research suggests the percentage of females who ejaculate can range from 10–70%.ĭirectly after an orgasm, the clitoris may feel more sensitive or uncomfortable to touch. Heart and breathing rates may increase.īefore and during an orgasm, the vagina may become wet, and it may even ejaculate this fluid. For femalesįor females, the muscles in the vagina and anus may contract roughly once per second, for around five to eight times. People may also feel sleepy, relaxed, or happy afterwards due to a release of endorphins. Orgasms can feel different for each individual.Īfter an orgasm, the face, neck, or chest may flush. The three stages in this model are:ĭuring an orgasm, people may experience an intense feeling of pleasure in the genitals and throughout the body. It is also important to note that desire does not precede all sexual activity. ![]() Kaplan’s model differs from most other sexual response models by including desire - most models tend to avoid including nongenital changes. In 1966, researchers named William Masters and Virginia Johnson came up with a four-phase model: The following models are patterns that occur in all forms of sexual response and do not solely relate to penile-vaginal intercourse. Although the orgasm process can differ greatly between individuals, several basic physiological changes tend to occur in most incidences. Sex researchers have defined orgasms within staged models of sexual response. Learn more about female ejaculation here. Females may also ejaculate during sexual activity or when experiencing an orgasm. ![]() Males will usually ejaculate when reaching an orgasm and females will experience vaginal wall contractions. The body releases tension, and the perineal muscles, anal sphincter, and reproductive organs rhythmically contract. Share on Pinterest Martin Poole/Getty ImagesĪccording to the American Psychological Association, an orgasm is when a person reaches peak pleasure. ![]() 7/31/2023 0 Comments All starfall 2 play![]() ![]() ![]() The letter sounds are said individually, and then the whole word. Also for four mana you can deal 2 damage to all including the enemy hero with Consecration, this for the the same cost would have the extra option but not. In the “Learn to Read” level, one of the activities allows learners to create words by dragging different consonants to different word families to make words to match pictures. As with all Starfall content, fun graphics and/or movement are included in videos to bring the concepts to life. The sound is also pronounced within the word. Then students hear the letter name and sound, as well as the letter presented in a word. When a letter is clicked on, it is presented on the screen. At this level, Starfall provides students with all the letters A to Z, in upper and lower case form. Bathrooms are shared with all guests in the lodge, as is our roomy communal. The first level teaches emerging readers about the ABCs. 40K likes, 1,100 comments - FLYGOD (westsidegunn) on Instagram: 'griseldarecords PRESENTS My newest ART piece ESTEE NACK NACKSAW 5/19 EXECUTIVE PROD: S. It is difficult to capture the variety of activities provided without checking it out for yourself on the website. 0:00 / 48:39 Starfall ABC Preview: Full Alphabet A to Z : Learn English Phonics ART Kids TV 35.7K subscribers Subscribe 7.4M views 6 years ago Hey friends This is a preview of the full ABC. Here are some examples of what is provided at each level. “ABCs,” “Learn to Read,” “It’s Fun to Read,” and “I’m Reading.” The levels, in order from the most basic to the most advanced are: Getting a membership unlocks a variety of additional content to teach reading and math, also through fun, interactive activities and games. ![]() Starfall is so popular that is has millions of visitors each month.Īs a publicly supported charity, Starfall is able to provide so much free content through member donations and membership purchases. Additional free demo games teach math concepts such as 3D shapes, telling time, and patterning.Īll games and activities use colorful graphics, engaging sounds, and motion to bring the concepts to life, making them engaging for the student. Many of the features of Starfall are absolutely free. Sonic Frontiers - ALL 5 Starfall Islands LEAKED Cyberspace Stages from Heroes, 06, SA2, & More GamerGuyd7Aces 88.1K subscribers Subscribe 735 14K views 3 months ago HIT The Like Button. ![]() Updated January 29, 2023: We've added a walkthrough video to this article to guide you through the "Starfall Street" questline.Starfall was founded in 2002 and uses phonics and other word games to teach children to read for free. What initially seems to be a bunch of bullies and bandits, this group actually has a complex history underneath the surface, and here we'll tell you everything about them. One of the main quests is "Starfall Street", a part of the story that introduces you to Team Star and its colorful members. Related: Pokemon Scarlet & Violet: All Pokedex Completion Rewards The Starfall Mod Description Discussions 0 Comments 5 Change Notes Award Favorite Share Add to Collection Mod Features: Both Posted Updated 15.357 MB 2:11am 9 Change Notes ( view ) sebaq Offline See all 28 collections (some may be hidden) Subscribe to download The Starfall Mod Subscribe Description AKA. With new pokemon, challenges, and characters to meet, you will find a lot of mysteries and adventures in this new journey. Pokemon Scarlet & Violet is here, bringing a new entry in the beloved series where players travel to the region of Paldea. Online starfall Games StarFall 2 Game Plays: 5423 Category: Strategy A. 7/31/2023 0 Comments Sun haven patch notes![]() ![]() Controller controls are being reverted back to the original bindings.Controls for casting spells are being reverted back to the original quickcast system.☐ The game itself is a big terrarium for bugs ☐ Only if u care about leaderboards/ranks Just know what you are getting yourself in to. So most of the things I dislike about this game I can fix with mods, but that in turn comes with its own risks and headaches… However, I’ve had a few run ins with an unexpected patch screwing up mods & my save games using them. Mods are available to fix a lot of the gripes I have with this game, and I use them as such. The game even has dedicated “mob grinding” zones – dead end locations with nothing but mobs in it that respawn really fast… Expect to be annoyed with roadblocks and daily-quest like behavior that seems like it came straight out of an MMO. Expect to do some form of grinding or another in this game, multiple times. There’s a lot more examples to give, but you probably get the point. So you have no choice but to grind mobs outside of the dungeon to gain the experience and power to progress inside the dungeon. For some strange reason, this combat dungeon does not give you combat experience. There is a “combat dungeon” that you can explore and grind through. These quests tend to be quite steep in what they ask of you and keep you busy for a few in-game days, usually just doing 1 monotone task over and over like grinding rocks or catching 50 of a certain fish. No high-level watering can for low-level farmers.ĭuring the main quest you’ll frequently run into “collect x of material y to progress” quests. If you happen to get lucky in the mines and pick up some higher level ores early, well… you better get grinding because there’s level restrictions on all of those pieces of gear. You have to be of a certain level to use better pieces of equipment. ![]() It has some incredibly grindy moments to its gameplay. This game has a lot of design elements to it that seem out of place and more at home in an MMO. But if I am forced to choose between thumbs up and thumbs down, I’ll ere on the side of thumbs down for a few reasons. I did have enough fun to get through it and explore the game in detail. See you in a few weeks with our next major patch!Īt its core this game has a lot going for it, and if I could pick a “neutral” option instead of a thumbs up or down, I’d have picked said neutral option.
7/31/2023 0 Comments Republic of detours![]() A host of books, starting with Jerre Mangione’s 1972 book, The Dream and the Deal, resurrected interest in the FWP, helping to re-establish the importance of the Project. As the United States enters a new era of economic distress, political strife, and culture-industry turmoil, this book's lessons are urgent and strong. After Congress defunded the FWP in 1939, it was soon nearly erased from the public mind. ![]() By way of these and other stories, Borchert illuminates an essentially noble enterprise that sought to create a broad and inclusive self-portrait of America at a time when the nation's very identity and future were thrown into question. To view this presentation in its entirety, please visit our Video Library. Meanwhile, Ralph Ellison, Studs Terkel, John Cheever, and other future literary stars found encouragement and security on the FWP payroll. ![]() We observe notable writers at their day jobs, including Nelson Algren, broke and smarting from the failure of his first novel Zora Neale Hurston, the most widely published Black woman in the country and Richard Wright, who arrived in the FWP's chaotic New York City office on an upward career trajectory courtesy of the WPA. Imagine a country of odd contraptions and strange careers, where all the big houses have secret. Scott Borchert's Republic of Detours tells the story of this raucous and remarkable undertaking by delving into the experiences of key figures and tracing the FWP from its optimistic early days to its dismemberment by the House Committee on Un-American Activities. REPUBLIC OF DETOURS How the New Deal Paid Broke Writers to Rediscover America By Scott Borchert. The FWP took up the lofty goal of rediscovering America in words and soon found itself embroiled in the day's most heated arguments regarding radical politics, racial inclusion, and the purpose of writing-forcing it to reckon with the promises and failures of both the New Deal and the American experiment itself. All this was the singular purview of the Federal Writers' Project, a division of the Works Progress Administration founded in 1935 to employ jobless writers, from once-bestselling novelists and acclaimed poets to the more dubiously qualified. The windsurfing capital of the Caribbean offers more than windsurfing for those seeking sun and. ![]() Take thousands of hard-up writers and put them to work charting a country on the brink of social and economic collapse, with the aim of producing a series of guidebooks to the then forty-eight states-along with hundreds of other publications dedicated to cities, regions, and towns-while also gathering reams of folklore, narratives of formerly enslaved people, and even recipes, all of varying quality, each revealing distinct sensibilities. Cabarete, Dominican Republic Destinations Detours and Dreams. Stone town of Kuklica: Definitely worth a detour - See 21 traveler reviews, 59 candid photos, and great deals for Kratovo, Republic of North Macedonia. A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice Winner of the New Deal Book AwardĪn immersive account of the New Deal project that created state-by-state guidebooks to America, in the midst of the Great Depression-and employed some of the biggest names in American letters The plan was as idealistic as it was audacious-and utterly unprecedented. ![]() 7/31/2023 0 Comments North city jazz walk![]() ![]() Named after the classic music-and-party street in New Orleans, and with authentic man-size figurines of the Blues Brothers on the roof, there is little question about what goes on inside Bourbon Street Blues Café. ![]() Now situated inside the state-of-the-art, ultra modern music complex Muziekgebouw, this world famous Amsterdam jazz scene has taken its step into the 21 st century. In 2005 the City of Amsterdam opened the doors to the new Bimhuis. Built not more than five years ago, this venue claims to be the most modern of its kind in Europe. ![]() Situated not more than 15 minutes away from the city centre, and neighboring the Amsterdam Arena, AFAS Live frequently hosts concerts with world famous artists. Owner and bartender Jur has run the place for more than 20 years, and has created an atmosphere he calls a small piece of old New Orleans away from home. Not more than a ten-minute-walk away from the very centre of Amsterdam, on the brink of the Lijnbansgracht canal, you will find Maloe-Melo, Amsterdam's "home of the blues". The fact that many of the musicians on stage are part of the Dutch improvisational jazz elite makes the experience even more welcome. Looking for a beautiful night of live jazz music in a romantic setting? Café Alto is the place to go. Like one of the neighborhood connoisseurs put it to us: -Welcome to Jazz, either you love it or you don’t. During live performance nights Casablanca is all about the music. Starting already back in 1945, Casablanca is one of the oldest and most renown jazz clubs in the Netherlands. Throughout the whole year, almost every evening, in bars and cafés live jazz music performed in a relaxed atmosphere, will bring you unforgettable moments. Every summer Rotterdam based North Sea Jazz Festival brings the best jazz musicians from all over the world to main Dutch cities – also to Amsterdam. Explore the magic of the Dutch spring in these exquisite flower displays at the Keukenhof Garden.Īmsterdam » Entertainment » Music » Clubs » Jazz Clubs Jazz in AmsterdamĪmsterdam has a rich jazz scene, with many concerts announced weekly throughout the city. Discover a place with more than 7 million bulbs from 800 varieties of tulips in bloom. ![]() 7/31/2023 0 Comments Mosaic virus![]() Foliar and flower symptom intensity varies with species and cultivar: symptoms are most severe in summer squash, some pumpkins, and many melons and less severe in cucumber, winter squash, and watermelon. Flowers develop abnormalities and have greenish petals. When the virus becomes systemic, leaves prominently curl downward, develop a mosaic pattern, and remain small. ![]() Symptoms of CMV in cucurbits generally manifest as severe stunting, prominent yellow foliar mosaic, plant and leaf malformation, and stunting due to drastic reduction of leaf size and stem internodes. Plants that are infected with CMV when they are young may develop elongated brown to translucent sunken spots on their petioles. ![]() Symptoms are often transient, becoming more and less obvious as the season and weather progress. Leaves may develop vein-clearing and mosaic, and interveinal areas may become dark green and thick, making leaves look crinkled. The most easily identified symptom of CMV in celery is a downward curling of young petioles, which gives plants and opened or flattened look. Symptoms of CMV vary with viral strain, crop host and genotype, crop maturity stage, and environmental conditions. Many woody and non-woody ornamentals are also hosts. Vegetable hosts include carrot, celery, cucurbits, legumes, lettuce, onion, pepper, spinach, tomato, and rarely potato. It has a host range of more than 1,200 species, and is transmitted by many species of aphids, as well as cucumber beetles. The virus is distributed worldwide but is particularly prevalent in temperate regions. Despite the uncertainty concerning the potential impact on bean and soybean crops in the EU, CPMV satisfies the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest.Cucumber Mosaic Virus (CMV) can cause severe losses in vegetables, legumes, and ornamentals. There is high uncertainty on the potential impact that CPMV would cause on other natural hosts cultivated in the EU due to the lack of information from the areas of CPMV's current distribution. Should the pest establish in the EU, an impact is expected on cowpea crops at local scale. The cultivated area and production of cowpea in the EU territory are mainly limited to local varieties cultivated at a small scale in Mediterranean EU Member States. Seeds for sowing of cowpea are identified as the major entry pathway. CPMV is also transmitted by several beetle species, one of which, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, is present in the EU. There is uncertainty on seed transmission by other Fabaceae host species due to lack of information. CPMV is transmitted by cowpea seeds, with uncertainty on the transmission rate. The virus has been reported sporadically on some other cultivated species of the family Fabaceae, including soybean and some common bean varieties. CPMV is considered a major pathogen of cowpea on which it causes symptoms ranging from mild to severe mosaic, chlorosis and necrosis. ![]() It has been reported from the Americas, and several countries in Africa and Asia and it is not known to be present in the EU in natural conditions. The pathogen is not included in the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/2072. The identity of CPMV, a member of the genus Comovirus (family Secoviridae), is established and detection and identification methods are available. The EFSA Panel on Plant Health conducted a pest categorisation of cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) for the EU territory. Competent organisations in Member States. ![]() |
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